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Defense & Intelligence

Plain-language definitions of every Defense & Intelligence term that shows up in government contracting work.


Defense & Intelligence

Classified Procurement

Classified procurement refers to federal acquisition programs where the work, requirements, or award details are restricted to personnel with appropriate security clearances due to national security sensitivity.

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Defense & Intelligence

Controlled Technology

Controlled technology refers to technical data, software, and hardware subject to U.S. export control regulations under ITAR or EAR, restricting transfer to foreign nationals or governments without a license.

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Defense & IntelligenceDAB

Defense Acquisition Board

The Defense Acquisition Board (DAB) is the senior DoD governance body that reviews and makes recommendations on major defense acquisition programs at key milestone decision points.

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Defense & IntelligenceDAS

Defense Acquisition System (DAS)

The Defense Acquisition System is the DoD's overarching management framework governing how major defense programs are conceived, developed, tested, produced, and fielded.

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Defense & IntelligenceDPAS

Defense Priorities and Allocations System

The Defense Priorities and Allocations System (DPAS) is a regulatory program that assigns priority ratings to defense and emergency preparedness contracts, requiring suppliers to prioritize rated orders over unrated commercial orders.

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Defense & IntelligenceDPA

Defense Production Act (DPA)

The Defense Production Act (DPA) gives the President authority to direct private industry to prioritize and accept government contracts for national defense needs, superseding other commercial obligations.

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Defense & IntelligenceDCS

Direct Commercial Sales (DCS)

Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) are government-authorized commercial contracts between U.S. defense companies and foreign governments for defense articles and services, licensed under ITAR without U.S. government intermediation.

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Defense & Intelligence

DoD 5000 Series

The DoD 5000 Series is the set of DoD directives and instructions establishing policy for defense acquisition programs, defining life-cycle management frameworks, milestone requirements, and program oversight.

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Defense & Intelligence

DPA Rated Order

A DPA Rated Order is a government contract or purchase order carrying a Defense Priorities and Allocations System (DPAS) priority rating that legally requires contractors to accept and prioritize fulfillment over commercial orders.

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Defense & IntelligenceFMS

Foreign Military Sales (FMS)

Foreign Military Sales (FMS) is the U.S. government's program for selling defense articles, services, and training to foreign governments through government-to-government agreements managed by the Defense Security Cooperation Agency.

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Defense & IntelligenceGFM

Government Furnished Material (GFM)

Government Furnished Material (GFM) is property, equipment, or materials that the government provides to a contractor for use in performing a contract, with the government retaining title and the contractor bearing custodial responsibility.

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Defense & Intelligence

Industrial Base Assessment

An industrial base assessment is a formal evaluation of the defense industrial base's capacity, capabilities, and vulnerabilities to identify risks to the supply chains that produce critical defense systems and components.

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Defense & Intelligence

Long Lead Items

Long lead items are components, materials, or equipment that require extended procurement lead times, often 12 to 36+ months, making early ordering critical to meeting defense program schedules.

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Defense & IntelligenceMDAP

Major Defense Acquisition Program (MDAP)

A Major Defense Acquisition Program (MDAP) is a DoD program that exceeds statutory cost thresholds, requiring congressional notification, independent oversight, and enhanced management controls.

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Defense & Intelligence

Milestone A

Milestone A is the defense acquisition decision point that authorizes a program to enter the Technology Maturation and Risk Reduction phase, approving technology development activities and early risk reduction efforts.

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Defense & Intelligence

Milestone B

Milestone B is the defense acquisition decision authorizing a program to enter Engineering and Manufacturing Development (EMD), triggering the largest and longest development contract award.

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Defense & Intelligence

Milestone C

Milestone C is the defense acquisition decision point that authorizes low-rate initial production (LRIP) of a defense system, based on successful completion of developmental testing and demonstrated production readiness.

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Defense & IntelligenceMDA

Milestone Decision Authority (MDA)

The Milestone Decision Authority (MDA) is the senior DoD official designated with authority to approve major defense program milestone decisions, authorize program phases, and approve program baselines.

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Defense & IntelligenceMIL-SPEC

Military Specifications (MIL-SPEC)

Military Specifications (MIL-SPEC) are DoD-issued technical standards defining the material, performance, and testing requirements that defense procured items must meet to ensure reliability, interoperability, and safety.

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Defense & IntelligenceMIL-STD

Military Standards (MIL-STD)

Military Standards (MIL-STD) are DoD process and practice standards specifying how defense work should be performed, documented, tested, or managed, covering engineering methods, reliability, maintainability, and more.

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Defense & IntelligenceNTIB

National Technology and Industrial Base

The National Technology and Industrial Base (NTIB) is the network of U.S., Canadian, Australian, and United Kingdom entities that produce defense articles and technology, with access to certain domestic sourcing preferences in defense procurement.

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Defense & IntelligencePLT

Procurement Lead Time

Procurement Lead Time (PLT) is the total elapsed time from initiating a procurement action to delivery of the item, used in defense planning to ensure components arrive when needed to support production schedules.

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Defense & IntelligenceQML

Qualified Manufacturers List (QML)

A Qualified Manufacturers List (QML) is a DoD register of manufacturing facilities whose processes have been certified to produce defense items meeting specific military requirements, without per-product testing.

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Defense & IntelligenceQPL

Qualified Products List (QPL)

A Qualified Products List (QPL) is a DoD-maintained list of commercial products that have been pre-tested and approved as meeting specific military specifications, enabling faster procurement without repeated testing.

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Defense & IntelligenceSCIF

Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility (SCIF)

A SCIF is an accredited, physically secure room or facility where classified information at the Sensitive Compartmented Information level can be accessed, stored, processed, and discussed.

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