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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Plain-language definitions of every Contract Vehicles & Programs term that shows up in government contracting work.


Contract Vehicles & ProgramsAPB

Acquisition Program Baseline (APB)

An Acquisition Program Baseline is a DoD document that establishes the cost, schedule, and performance parameters for a major defense acquisition program at a given milestone.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Alliant 3

Alliant 3 is GSA's government-wide IDIQ contract for large-scale, complex enterprise IT services, serving as the successor to Alliant 2 with expanded scope for AI, cloud, and digital transformation requirements.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsADPE

Automated Data Processing Equipment (ADPE)

ADPE refers to government-classified information technology hardware and processing systems subject to specific acquisition regulations and oversight requirements.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

BuyBoard

BuyBoard is a cooperative purchasing program administered by the Texas Association of School Boards, providing Texas public entities and a growing national member base access to competitively bid contracts.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Catalog Contract

A catalog contract is a government contract under which a vendor offers a defined catalog of products or services at pre-negotiated prices, with buyers placing orders from the catalog without additional price negotiation.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Ceiling Price vs. Funded Value

Ceiling price is the maximum a contract authorizes; funded value is the actual obligated amount available for payment, contractors may only invoice up to the funded value regardless of the higher ceiling.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

CIO-SP4

CIO-SP4 is NIH's government-wide IDIQ contract for health IT and solutions, providing all federal agencies access to pre-competed vendors for health-domain IT services, AI, cloud, and cybersecurity.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsCHESS

Computer Hardware Enterprise Software and Solutions (CHESS)

CHESS is the Army's mandatory IT procurement program for hardware, software, and related services, offering pre-negotiated pricing through the Army CHESS portal.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsCATS

Consulting and Technical Services (CATS)

CATS is a Maryland state contract vehicle providing IT consulting and technical services to state agencies, counties, and municipalities through a multiple-award structure.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Contract Vehicle

A contract vehicle is a pre-established contractual framework, such as an IDIQ, GWAC, or BPA, that agencies use to issue orders more quickly than starting a full competitive acquisition from scratch.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Cooperative Purchasing

Cooperative purchasing allows state, local, and tribal governments to use federal contract vehicles, particularly GSA Schedules for IT and security, to buy products and services at pre-negotiated federal prices.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsCRADA

Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA)

A CRADA is a formal agreement between a federal laboratory and a private entity to collaborate on R&D, sharing resources without traditional contract payments to the government.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsEAGLE

DHS EAGLE

DHS EAGLE (Enterprise Acquisition Gateway for Leading Edge Solutions) is DHS's primary IT services vehicle, providing Department of Homeland Security components access to pre-competed IT service vendors.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsEIS

Enterprise Infrastructure Solutions (EIS)

EIS is a GSA-managed, government-wide contract vehicle for federal agencies to procure telecommunications and IT infrastructure services at pre-negotiated rates.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Fair Opportunity

Fair opportunity is the requirement to give all awardees on a multiple-award IDIQ contract a meaningful chance to compete for each task order, ensuring competition at the order level on government-wide vehicles.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsFFRDC

Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC)

An FFRDC is a unique entity sponsored by the federal government to provide R&D, systems engineering, and analysis support that government agencies cannot efficiently perform internally.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsGWAC

Government-Wide Acquisition Contract (GWAC)

A Government-Wide Acquisition Contract is an IDIQ multiple-award contract for IT products and services that any federal agency can use by placing task orders, pre-competed for government-wide access.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

GSA Advantage!

GSA Advantage! is the online shopping and ordering platform for GSA Multiple Award Schedule products and services, allowing federal buyers to browse, compare prices, and place orders directly from approved vendors.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

GSA Connect

GSA Connect is a GSA program and platform designed to help federal agencies and contractors discover GSA contract vehicles, locate acquisition resources, and navigate federal procurement options.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

GSA eBuy

GSA eBuy is GSA's online platform for posting and responding to competitive quote requests among GSA Schedule and GWAC holders, enabling agencies to conduct the fair opportunity process electronically.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsMAS

GSA Multiple Award Schedule (MAS)

The GSA Multiple Award Schedule is a long-term government-wide contract providing federal buyers pre-negotiated access to commercial products and services from thousands of approved vendors at competitive prices.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

HGACBuy

HGACBuy is a national cooperative purchasing program administered by the Houston-Galveston Area Council, providing local government and public agency members access to competitively bid contracts for fleet, equipment, and services.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsHCaTS

Human Capital and Training Solutions (HCaTS)

HCaTS is a GSA and OPM co-managed IDIQ contract vehicle for human capital management, training, and development services across the federal government.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsIFF

Industrial Funding Fee (IFF)

The Industrial Funding Fee is a percentage of GSA Schedule sales paid by contractors to GSA to fund the Multiple Award Schedule program, currently set at 0.75% and factored into GSA Schedule pricing.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsITES-3S

ITES-3S

ITES-3S is the Army's enterprise IT services multiple-award IDIQ contract, providing Army and DoD activities access to pre-competed vendors for enterprise IT, cybersecurity, cloud, and network services.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsJOC

Job Order Contracting (JOC)

Job Order Contracting is an indefinite-delivery construction method where agencies issue individual job orders against a pre-priced unit price book for facility repair and renovation work.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Master Agreement

A master agreement is a pre-negotiated contract framework establishing terms, conditions, and pricing between a buyer and vendor, against which individual orders or statements of work are placed without re-negotiating core terms.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsSHIELD

MDA SHIELD

MDA SHIELD is the Missile Defense Agency's multiple-award contract vehicle for systems engineering, integration, and laboratory support services supporting the U.S. ballistic missile defense system.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsMIPR

Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request (MIPR)

A MIPR is a funding document used by DoD components to transfer funds between military departments and authorize another agency to procure goods or services on their behalf.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsMATOC

Multiple Award Task Order Contract (MATOC)

A MATOC is a construction and services IDIQ contract awarded to multiple vendors, allowing agencies to issue task orders without re-competing the full contract.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsSEWP

NASA SEWP

NASA SEWP is a government-wide GWAC for IT products, solutions, and services managed by NASA, providing federal agencies fast, competitively priced access to technology hardware, software, and related services.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsSEWP VI

NASA SEWP VI

NASA SEWP VI is the next-generation successor to SEWP V, expanding the scope of the government-wide IT products and solutions GWAC with updated technology categories, higher ceilings, and modernized ordering.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

NASPO ValuePoint

NASPO ValuePoint is the largest U.S. cooperative purchasing organization for state and local government, providing competitively solicited master agreements that all member states can access for common requirements.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Not-to-Exceed Contract

A Not-to-Exceed contract sets a maximum ceiling price the government will pay, with the contractor bearing cost risk for any spending beyond that ceiling on cost-type or T&M work.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

OMNIA Partners

OMNIA Partners is a national cooperative purchasing organization providing public sector and commercial members access to competitively solicited contracts for products, services, and technology at pre-negotiated pricing.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

On-Ramp and Off-Ramp

An on-ramp is a competition that adds new contractors to an existing vehicle mid-period; an off-ramp removes underperforming holders, mechanisms that keep vehicle contractor pools current and competitive.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Ordering Procedures

Ordering procedures are the rules and processes governing how agencies place task orders or delivery orders against existing IDIQ contracts, GWACs, and schedules, covering competition, documentation, and approval requirements.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Piggyback Contract

A piggyback contract occurs when one government entity places orders under a contract competitively awarded to another entity, leveraging the original competition to satisfy its own purchasing requirements.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Polaris

Polaris is GSA's small business GWAC for complex IT solutions, targeting emerging technologies, research and development-adjacent IT, and innovative technical services from qualified small businesses.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsPRC

Price Reduction Clause (PRC)

The Price Reduction Clause is a GSA Schedule contract provision requiring contractors to reduce government prices whenever they offer better pricing to their basis-of-award commercial customer, protecting Schedule price integrity.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsPSS

Professional Services Schedule (PSS)

The Professional Services Schedule is a GSA Multiple Award Schedule vehicle for management consulting, financial, and professional support services to federal agencies.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsPOR

Program of Record (POR)

A Program of Record is a formally approved and funded DoD acquisition program listed in the Future Years Defense Program, providing long-term budget visibility and contracting stability.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsPO

Purchase Order (PO)

A Purchase Order is a simplified contracting instrument used by the government to procure commercial supplies or services below the simplified acquisition threshold without a full competitive process.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsRS3

Responsive Strategic Sourcing for Services (RS3)

RS3 is an Army-managed IDIQ contract vehicle for professional and technical services, offering flexible ordering across a broad range of service categories.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Schedule Contract Pricing

Schedule contract pricing refers to the pre-negotiated maximum prices a GSA Schedule contractor commits to, derived from commercial pricing disclosures and subject to the Most Favored Customer and Price Reduction Clause obligations.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

SeaPort NxG

SeaPort NxG is the Navy's multiple-award IDIQ vehicle for professional support services, providing Navy and Marine Corps acquisition activities access to engineering, logistics, program support, and IT services.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Sourcewell

Sourcewell is a Minnesota-based cooperative purchasing organization that solicits and awards contracts on behalf of its government, education, and nonprofit members, enabling streamlined purchasing nationwide.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsSIN

Special Item Number (SIN)

A Special Item Number (SIN) is a GSA Schedule category code that groups similar products or services, determining which schedule holders can receive orders for specific requirements.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsSTARS III

STARS III

STARS III is GSA's government-wide IDIQ GWAC exclusively for small businesses, providing federal agencies access to IT services from 8(a), HUBZone, SDVOSB, WOSB, and other small business categories.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

State Term Contract

A state term contract is a master agreement competitively awarded by a state agency for common goods or services, available to all state agencies and often to local governments within the state at pre-negotiated prices.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsTIPS/TAPS

TIPS/TAPS

TIPS/TAPS is a cooperative purchasing program administered by the Region 8 Education Service Center in Texas, providing government and education members nationwide access to competitively awarded contracts.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsTDR

Transactional Data Reporting (TDR)

Transactional Data Reporting is a GSA initiative requiring Schedule contractors to report detailed order-level transaction data to GSA, replacing some commercial pricing disclosure requirements in participating SINs.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsT4NG

Transformation Twenty-One Total Technology Next Generation (T4NG)

T4NG is a VA-managed IDIQ contract vehicle providing IT services and solutions to the Department of Veterans Affairs and authorized ordering agencies.

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Contract Vehicles & Programs

Vehicle Holder

A vehicle holder is a company that holds an active award on a contract vehicle such as a GWAC, IDIQ MAC, or GSA Schedule, making it eligible to receive task orders or delivery orders under that vehicle.

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Contract Vehicles & ProgramsVETS 2

Veterans Technology Services 2 (VETS 2)

VETS 2 is a GSA IDIQ contract vehicle set aside exclusively for service-disabled veteran-owned small businesses providing IT services to federal agencies.

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