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Technology & IT Procurement

Plain-language definitions of every Technology & IT Procurement term that shows up in government contracting work.


Technology & IT ProcurementATO

Authority to Operate (ATO)

An Authority to Operate (ATO) is the formal written authorization by an agency Authorizing Official for a federal IT system to operate, based on an accepted level of risk documented in a security assessment.

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Technology & IT ProcurementcATO

Continuous Authority to Operate (cATO)

A Continuous Authority to Operate (cATO) is a modern cybersecurity authorization approach that replaces point-in-time security assessments with ongoing automated monitoring to maintain authorization currency.

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Technology & IT Procurement

Digital Modernization

Digital modernization in government is the strategic effort to replace outdated federal IT systems with modern, cloud-based, and user-centered technology platforms that improve mission delivery and reduce operating costs.

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Technology & IT ProcurementELA

Enterprise License Agreement (ELA)

An Enterprise License Agreement (ELA) is a government-wide or agency-wide software licensing arrangement that provides unlimited or broad software use rights across an organization at a fixed or usage-based negotiated price.

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Technology & IT ProcurementFedRAMP

FedRAMP Authorization

FedRAMP Authorization is the federal government's standardized security assessment and authorization framework for cloud service providers seeking to sell cloud products to federal agencies.

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Technology & IT ProcurementGPR

Government Purpose Rights

Government Purpose Rights (GPR) allow the government to use technical data or software for any government purpose but prohibit disclosure for commercial use, applying when development was partially government-funded.

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Technology & IT Procurement

IT Procurement (Federal)

Federal IT procurement is the specialized process by which U.S. government agencies acquire information technology products, software, and services under unique statutory, security, and policy requirements.

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Technology & IT Procurement

Legacy System Modernization

Legacy system modernization in government is the process of replacing or updating outdated federal IT systems that are costly to maintain, insecure, or incapable of meeting current mission requirements.

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Technology & IT Procurement

Limited Rights

Limited Rights restricts the government's use of technical data to specific purposes defined in the contract, applying when the data was developed exclusively with private contractor funds.

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Technology & IT Procurement

Modular Contracting

Modular contracting is a federal IT procurement approach that breaks large technology programs into smaller, manageable contracts to reduce risk, increase competition, and enable incremental delivery of capabilities.

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Technology & IT ProcurementP-ATO

Provisional Authority to Operate (P-ATO)

A Provisional Authority to Operate (P-ATO) is a preliminary FedRAMP authorization granted by the FedRAMP PMO that allows federal agencies to use a cloud service while final agency authorization is completed.

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Technology & IT Procurement

Technical Data Rights

Technical data rights in government contracting define the government's scope of license to use engineering drawings, specifications, and process data delivered under or required to support a federal contract.

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Technology & IT Procurement

Technology Refresh

Technology refresh in government contracting refers to the periodic replacement of hardware, software, or systems whose capabilities, support, or security posture no longer meet mission or compliance requirements.

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Technology & IT Procurement

Unlimited Rights

Unlimited Rights is the broadest data rights category in federal contracting, giving the government complete freedom to use, disclose, reproduce, and distribute technical data or software without restriction.

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