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State & Local Procurement

Plain-language definitions of every State & Local Procurement term that shows up in government contracting work.


State & Local Procurement

Competitive Sealed Bid (State/Local)

A state and local government method where sealed bids are opened publicly and the award goes to the lowest responsive, responsible bidder.

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State & Local Procurement

Competitive Sealed Proposal (State/Local)

A state and local procurement method in which agencies evaluate written proposals on price and non-price factors before award.

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State & Local Procurement

Cooperative Purchasing Agreement

A cooperative purchasing agreement allows government entities to piggyback on contracts competitively awarded to another government's specifications, eliminating duplicate procurement processes and leveraging combined buying power.

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State & Local Procurement

County Procurement

County procurement covers the purchasing of goods, services, and public works by county governments, which collectively spend hundreds of billions annually and typically operate under state procurement statutes.

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State & Local ProcurementDBE

Disadvantaged Business Enterprise (DBE)

A DBE is a small business owned by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals, certified under the federal DBE program administered by state DOTs for participation in federally-funded transportation contracts.

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State & Local Procurement

Emergency Procurement

Emergency procurement allows state and local governments to bypass normal competitive bidding requirements when an immediate threat to public health, safety, or critical government functions demands urgent action.

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State and Local Procurement

eVA (Virginia's eProcurement Portal)

eVA is Virginia's centralized electronic procurement portal where state agencies post solicitations, receive bids, and award contracts, covering billions in annual state spending.

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State & Local Procurement

Higher Education Procurement

Higher education procurement covers purchasing by public and private universities and colleges, which have significant autonomy in procurement decisions and collectively represent a multibillion-dollar annual market.

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State & Local Procurement

Intergovernmental Cooperative Purchasing

Intergovernmental cooperative purchasing allows two or more governmental units to jointly procure goods or services, sharing the cost of competition and accessing combined purchasing volume for better pricing.

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State & Local Procurement

Local Preference in Procurement

A local preference in procurement is a policy that gives vendors located within a specified geographic area a competitive advantage, such as a bid price discount or tie-breaking priority, in state or local government solicitations.

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State & Local ProcurementMBE

Minority Business Enterprise (MBE)

A Minority Business Enterprise is a business at least 51% owned and controlled by one or more minority individuals, certified by a state or local authority for participation in government set-aside and preference programs.

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State & Local Procurement

Municipal Procurement

Municipal procurement refers to the purchasing of goods, services, and construction by city governments, operating under state procurement law and local purchasing ordinances with typically simpler procedures than federal procurement.

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State and Local ProcurementOGS

New York State Office of General Services (OGS)

New York OGS is the state's central procurement authority managing statewide contracts for IT, commodities, and services that local governments and school districts can also access.

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State & Local Procurement

Prequalification of Bidders

Prequalification of bidders is a process through which a government entity evaluates vendor qualifications before a specific procurement, establishing an approved pool from which future bids may be invited.

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State & Local Procurement

Prevailing Wage Requirements (State)

State-level laws requiring contractors on public works projects to pay workers at least the locally prevailing wage rates for their trade.

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State & Local ProcurementP-Card

Procurement Card (P-Card)

A Procurement Card (P-Card) is a government-issued purchasing card that allows authorized employees to make small purchases directly from vendors without a formal purchase order, streamlining low-value government buying.

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State & Local Procurement

Public Works Procurement

Public works procurement covers the competitive bidding and award of government construction, infrastructure, and facility projects at the state and local level, subject to sealed bid requirements and prevailing wage laws.

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State & Local Procurement

Reciprocal Preference

A reciprocal preference is a state policy that applies to out-of-state vendors the same purchasing preference that their home state gives to in-state vendors competing against that state's businesses.

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State & Local Procurement

Request for Qualifications (RFQ, State/Local)

A solicitation used by state and local agencies to evaluate vendor qualifications before issuing a formal request for proposals.

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State & Local Procurement

Reverse Auction

A reverse auction is an online procurement method in which pre-qualified vendors bid against each other in real time by submitting progressively lower prices, with the lowest price at auction close typically winning the contract.

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State & Local Procurement

School District Procurement

School district procurement covers the purchasing of goods, services, technology, and construction by K-12 public school districts, governed by state education law and subject to federal requirements when using federal education funds.

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State & Local ProcurementSLED

SLED Market (State, Local, Education)

The SLED market refers to State, Local, and Education procurement, a $1.5 trillion annual market that is twice the size of the federal contract market and operates under 50 different state procurement codes.

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State & Local Procurement

Sole Source Justification (State/Local)

A written document used in state and local government procurement to justify awarding a contract without competitive bidding.

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State & Local Procurement

Special District Procurement

Special district procurement covers purchasing by the approximately 38,000 U.S. special purpose government units, water districts, transit authorities, fire districts, and utility districts, that each operate independent procurement functions.

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State & Local Procurement

State Procurement Code

A state procurement code is the body of statutes, regulations, and policies governing how a state government acquires goods, services, and construction, varying significantly across all 50 states.

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State & Local Procurement

State Purchasing Office

A state purchasing office is the central executive agency responsible for managing competitive procurement, establishing state contracts, and setting purchasing policy for a state government.

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