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International & Trade

Plain-language definitions of every International & Trade term that shows up in government contracting work.


International & TradeCBC

Caribbean Basin Country

A Caribbean Basin Country is a nation designated under the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act whose products qualify as Trade Agreements Act-eligible for U.S. federal procurement purposes.

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International & Trade

Country of Origin Determination

A country of origin determination identifies the country where an end product was last substantially transformed, establishing its eligibility for federal procurement under the Buy American Act and Trade Agreements Act.

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International & Trade

Cross-Border Procurement

Cross-border procurement refers to government purchasing arrangements that span national boundaries, including overseas U.S. agency purchases, allied nation cooperative procurement, and multinational supply chain management.

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International & Trade

Designated Country

A designated country is a nation whose products are eligible for purchase under U.S. federal procurement above Trade Agreements Act thresholds because that country has a qualifying trade agreement with the United States.

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International & Trade

End Product Designation

End product designation is the process of identifying and certifying the country of origin of a final deliverable item supplied under a federal contract for Buy American Act and Trade Agreements Act compliance.

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International & TradeECCN

Export Control Classification Number (ECCN)

An Export Control Classification Number is a five-character alphanumeric code in the Commerce Control List that classifies dual-use goods, software, and technology according to their export control requirements.

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International & Trade

Foreign Acquisition

Foreign acquisition refers to the purchase of foreign end products or services by U.S. federal agencies, governed by FAR Part 25 restrictions, trade agreement exceptions, and national security determinations.

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International & TradeFTA

Free Trade Agreement

A Free Trade Agreement in the federal procurement context is a bilateral or multilateral trade treaty that includes a government procurement chapter, qualifying the partner country's suppliers for non-discriminatory treatment in U.S. federal purchasing.

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International & TradeICB

International Competitive Bidding

International Competitive Bidding is a procurement method used by multilateral development banks and international organizations that opens competition to qualified suppliers from all eligible member countries worldwide.

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International & TradeLDC

Least Developed Country

A Least Developed Country is a nation designated by the United Nations as having the lowest indicators of development, whose products receive Trade Agreements Act eligibility in U.S. federal procurement without a formal trade agreement.

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International & Trade

Qualifying Country

A qualifying country is a nation with a Reciprocal Defense Procurement Memorandum of Understanding with the United States, allowing its defense products to be purchased by DoD without Buy American Act restrictions.

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International & Trade

Trade Agreements Compliance

Trade agreements compliance in federal procurement requires contractors to certify that end products originate from the United States or a designated country with a qualifying trade agreement with the U.S.

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International & TradeGPA

WTO Government Procurement Agreement

The WTO Government Procurement Agreement is a plurilateral trade agreement that obligates signatory countries to open their government procurement markets to suppliers from other member countries above specified contract value thresholds.

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